ReplyEquipping pets. The guide dialogue will now be simplified when using the Ursus Shop for the first time. Thanks to these bombs Ursus is actually easier to solo than to do in a small group of 2 to maybe 10 players. November 11 saw the first online-only rendition of MapleStory Fest. MapleStory Ursus Golden Time 2023: The Ursus Golden Time event in MapleStory 2023 is a special event that occurs at specific times throughout the year. 115K subscribers in the Maplestory community. ago. Bowmaster is one of two Explorer Archer jobs that can be chosen from in MapleStory and are a part of the original classes added to MapleStory when it was first released. Press J to jump to the feed. 0. Doing ursus and maple tour everyday will yield some okay amount of mesos if you are a completely new player. Premium Powerups Explore Gaming. Had a fight yesterday where 80% of ppl there died due to a spike lol, several people went down with a 0% contribution. ) Double-click to receive one random permanent equipment cover. NEXT POST. After the mesos farming nerfs made to reboot, ursus has become one of my most vvital methods of making mesos. ) Double-click to receive a new damage skin, and. Expanding the. How much mesos do you getRead More → The time frame when you can link with another skill is decreased by approximately 26%. Bow Master. However, at over 5GB, it. A dried up mushroom found in the southern outskirts of Verdel, a desert planet. Both empress and Akechi don't have any good drops, but the boss crystal is nice. 170 - Ursus is live on January 14! Table of Contents. Nov 15, 2023. @MapleStory. See all the rewards rates for this item here. Not sure for how many hours. Controversial Q&A • You can do it solo and get 3x the normal reward (~45mil). However, for me it is just a coin flip to see if i can do damage to the boss or not. 117K subscribers in the Maplestory community. 10. To equip a pet and let it roam free, double-click the pet in your inventory underneath the "Cash" tab. 4pm-6pm EST VS. UTC 01:00-05:00 and 18:00-22:00 until jan 26th. ago. If anyone is interested, please add me in Discord InWILL#8582MapleStory will be updated to v. r/Maplestory • 26 days ago. 1. 2. Ursus sand debuff doesnt remove when player touch, its should have. The general rule of thumb is to not spend a lot of money on the imp, but to. So I want to looking for Asia players to ursus together in between 10:00 am - 12:00 pm UTC(6:00 pm - 8:00 pm Beijing time). With 10, you will obtain one of the following at random: Beefy Ursus Soul at a 15% chance. Reboot gets more mesos from Ursus than regular servers. There is a specific time of day where the rewards from Ursus is doubled, called Golden Ursus TIme . Double clicked it and didnt get anything, anyone know what u it supposed to consist of? Talk to Aisha, the Ursus shopkeeper. Posts: 342. 170 - Ursus is live as of January 14. Ursus Heroes Coin Event. CryptoThis item is time-limited. ago. Double Down - Addition: Adds the lucky number 7 to Double Down. Happy Play Time: Making a Mess: The twins, excited to play, run around and make a mess. Go to Maplestory r/Maplestory • by klonoa_0w0. It'll take around 30 minutes to complete the prequest. Lotus is a boss in MapleStory which drops valuable items used to craft the Absolab equipment set, which tends to be a set that is a part of every Mapler's character progression. 6m revealing. 0 coins. Players can no longer talk to Masarayu, Aisha, and Jawad while using the Ursus entry UI. It was just something that made the MMO experience more palatable to me. Play as both the Pink Bean and Yeti classes in the limited-time Yeti x Pink Bean World while earning awesome rewards themed around both characters, including some unique titles! On your journey, the Yeti x Pink Bean Step Up event will help you gear yourself and make. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Fixed the issue where pressing the Harvest key 1 time and then pressing it again 1 time for Especia's Totem Slash was determined as pressing it on the same location of the gauge. Event Duration: Saturday, July 2, 2022. Cadena Damage Skin: (Untradeable. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. Ursus Golden Time will temporarily be updated to the following in celebration of the Neo update: UTC: 1:00 AM - 5:00 AM ; UTC: 6:00 PM - 10:00 PM; New achievements have been added. While this can take around two hours to complete it does provide reasonable levelling experience for its intended level range (140-150). It takes about 1 min. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. PSA: Extended Ursus Golden time reverted to normal. Sprinkle Sprout, Lucky Clover Bracelet Weapon, Ursus Light, Bubble Leaf Pants, Dinofrog Shoes, and Dinofrog Gloves. MapleStory will be updated to v. 235. Bonus Potential Scroll 50%: Untradeable, Unavailable in Reboot world. 261 - 270. 28K subscribers Subscribe 7. See all the rewards rates for this item here. . For 1 hour starting at 4 pm Eastern time. I only have about 1. #1. Level: 12. advice for meso farming in sea as well i suppose? It usually takes 18 people to form a party for ursus, with so many people grinding nowadays its kinda hard to get 18 people together unless you do it in a guild or. Understood thank you. Heroes of Maple. Join. Ursus Revamp We love our dear bear bear Ursus like you do so leksgo visit him more often. r/Maplestory • I traveled back in time from 2053 and I am a Final burned lvl 347 Eclipse Warrior . Convert it to your preferred timezone. Last time i heard it's from 5am to 5pm EST (12 hours). Edit: Reffering to double meso ursus time Related Topics MapleStory Fantasy anime Action anime Adventure anime Anime comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. ago. You can run them on multiple characters if you want. Here are my current equips (click img to expand): Im lvl 205 paladin but switching to hero, im not sure what others bosses I should unlock. Ursus time changed. Ya might be , but that too early. Click a task to complete it. r/Maplestory. Night Lord follows the Thief job branch. The rewards include experience boosts, mesos, and special. . If you die directly under the bear and the bear is under 40% health, it is almost impossible to revive you while she's moving because of its movement and the meteors. The times are extended during awake and the inconsistency comes from daylight savings. Endless Agony. Beta combo's damage has been increased from 1st hit. You can now access the respective guide web posts using the in-game Maple Guide UI. The Reddit community for MapleStory. 7] Fixed the issue where material images are absent for Ursus's Potted Lifetree in Aisha's Ursus Shop. No harm to wait until boxing day or new. While doing so, you get Union Coins. The software can be downloaded at the official MapleStory website. 250, experience the newly revamped Cygnus Knights with upgraded skills and improved animations, and face new challenges with Monster Park Extreme, granting. If you are in Reboot, just register for quick play. Ursus Golden Time (8pm - 10pm) Equipment Helia (Pet Box) CRA bosses for Fensalir Set Pink Beans (Flames) May I also check what some BiS gear pieces we can get Early game which will be are sticking around even in the Mid/End game, maybe Pink Holy Cup? Thanks in advance peeps!MapleStory Review - GMS 2022 Update. A chair is an item that player characters can sit on to regain Health and Mana. These are known as your 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Job Advancements. 8pm-10pm UTC/server time. Soul Cost: 250, Ursus Summon Duration: 60 sec,Attack Power: 500%Cooldown: 150 secStandard ursus 2x time is in between 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm UTC(3:00 am - 5:00 am Beijing time). Advertisement Coins. It'll be more than easy (effectively instant) to get a full Ursus party then. Afterward, you will only receive Repeated rewards. It was just something that made the MMO experience more palatable to me. If you want a live countdown to the next 2x slot and to when an ongoing slot is ending you could check out the dailies tracker i made. Something MapleStory lacks as an MMORPG is a true raid boss experience to do with others and since GMS is able to modify bosses to be different to KMS equivalent. [Double Time] : Doubletime’s cooldown reduction will not apply to the skill that activates Doubletime and its linked skills. 02The Pink Bean prequest has been made easier but is still tedious to do. 2. ago. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. 😭 I think it's possible to get pieces going at it. Finally, Chase the Beast Tamer is returning; create this character job for a limited time! All this and more, in the Ursus update! V. Make sure to pick up the masks and boss drops. r/Maplestory • Congrats to Ojama for being the first 30k achievement in GMS!!. No one else attacks the front legs though so I haven't gotten a single piece. The Fairy Bros are back to reward you for your attendance in MapleStory! Keep coming back to MapleStory throughout this update and the months to follow for a wide array of fantastic prizes! February - Cube Revamp. Job Advancements: Most classes have Job Advancements at Lv. The time frame when you can link with another skill is decreased by approximately 26%. Incase you want something that has a clear indicator for when Golden Time (aka 2x) begins. Chichigami. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Finally, Chase the Beast Tamer is returning; create this character job for a limited time! All this and more, in the Ursus update! V. The action delay is improved so that it is affected by attack speed when used. 281 - 290. I was wondering what buffs I should craft and/or gather on Reboot, assuming I started fresh not all too long ago. And for people residing in the US and in similar timezones, that's in the middle of the day where people are at work/school. Thanks in advance!!MapleStory - Join over 260 Million Global Players in MapleStory, one of the original MMORPGs, where epic adventure, action-packed gameplay, & good friends await you! Featuring an iconic 2D art style, MapleStory offers the thrill of explosive power, bold anime-style self-expression, and absolute control of your characters’ awesome abilities. [Updated Sep. You could also activate a rune before going in to double exp. . You get rewarded based on how much damage you do, heals and if you clear the boss. Double Jump. Step 3: Upon clocking those 2 conditions, rain hell on Ursus and kill her. MapleStory Requirements: Lv. Increased the damage from 300% to 360%. The bomb damage will spread and they won. Point changes for each rank. Everyday 8pm EST is when Ursus has 2x meso reward upon killing. Some misc. Lmao. When you use a skill, the duration is adjusted and the cooldown is reduced. The 2 main ways to increase your score are: 1)Clucht saves, this can happen when ursus throw people in the air and you happen to catch them before they hit the ground. Ursus is only really worth doing during certain hours where it gives double mesos. 2. 112K subscribers in the Maplestory community. Ursus This Mighty is a unique boss in MapleStory that enables up to 18 video at fight him among an time, also known as a Raid boss. Ursus is a raid boss that requires up to 20 participants to take it down. share your results from miracle time. 0 coins. The times will be changing after the current awake event is over. You can now access the respective guide web posts using the in-game Maple Guide UI. Read More. Build. I've gotten it a few months ago and probably exceed over 50 SSS by now just from quickplay. Play as both the Pink Bean and Yeti classes in the limited-time Yeti x Pink Bean World while earning awesome rewards themed around both characters, including some unique titles! On your journey, the Yeti x Pink Bean Step Up event will help you gear yourself and make. Sprinkle Sprout, Lucky Clover Bracelet Weapon, Ursus Light, Bubble Leaf Pants, Dinofrog Shoes, and Dinofrog Gloves. Cant go too much faster than that but here's a few tips, assuming reboot: The 5 big daily bosses give about 40 mil a day: normal ark, hard ranmaru, normal papulatus, hard von leon and normal magnus. Coins. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. Click here to read the patch notes!Doubletime. Use the arrow keys to move in any direction. As. tl;dr You can get Ursus Leg Accessories based on your number of lines hit / damage (in the long run, level). GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Advanced Fusion. This ursine king is raring mad and ready for a fight! Get matched up with a group, and choose 8 pre-selected skills to use during the fight. 170 - Ursus is live on January 14! Table of Contents. The 2 main ways to increase your score are: 1)Clucht saves, this can happen when ursus throw people in the air and you happen to catch them before they hit the ground. Bonus Potential Cubes, as well as White Cubes with a single cube, possibly letting you jump from Rare straight to Unique! These worlds are all using the same time period, so hop on and cube away, no registration or tickets. @MapleStory. Double click the egg to open a new window. Ursus Double Mesos: I don't Ursus much, but if I'm not mistaken, double mesos happens around the same times you're supposed to call Orchid? So most of what I said above applies here, except missing this time period doesn't break any hard to maintain streak, just annoying to people who'd like some extra mesos. Ursus Double bonus . Coupon is consumed upon use. Server maintenance usually. But I might have messed up when I converted the time from my time zone to UTC and I'm also not 100% sure what time the second ursus, all I know is it's sometime in the afternoon in my time zone which is. Join the discussion about this week's new sales on the Official MapleStory Discord or the Official MapleStory Forums! ONGOING SALES Gachapon Update. It will display both the default mesos as well as 2x mesos. Important: MapleStory no longer supports 32-bit (x86) operating systems. Usually getting the last hit will get you 1st place if you're doing well but catch rescues nets a lot of points and can overwhelm the last hit bonus. Singles and Couples Time will last about 1 minute. Endless Agony. I have no idea when 2x is anymore so I just queue during random hours during the day and so far they've mostly been 2x somehow, but I know 3-5 pm est is for sure 2x. After a year of waiting for my keycaps to come in, I finally managed to complete my Maplestory set up and I thought y’all might enjoy it! 183. r/honkaiimpact3. Fixed the issue where the background music kept playing when you muted the music in Ursus fight. MapleStory is a free-to-play, 2D, side-scrolling massively multiplayer online role-playing game. Valheim Genshin. This boss is very prevailing to defeat in Reboot Worlds as you can earn plenty of mesos each time you beat his. Best. Ursus The Mighty. You can also make bossing mules, but it is very time consuming and mesos consuming, and sometimes it'll take months to recoup the funds needed just to make a nlomien bossing mule. Doubletime. 5x exp buff from MVP atmospheric effect. There are no 2x exp coupons in the cash shop in reboot, you can get them from events, Legion shop (unlocked at later levels I believe), login rewards sometimes like Fairy bros or event calendar, etc. You could also activate a rune before going in to double exp. Ursus Golden Time is the following hours: UTC: 1:00 AM - 3:00 AM (EST: 9pm - 11pm). For me: 250 bucks of NX. • 16 days ago. I am playing a night lord in the 240s and that gives me S rank. It is quite unlikely to find party outside of Ursus Golden Time. com) However, I note that a few of these are no longer obtainable. This skill can be used while using other skills. Octopunch -. Reply stelliokonto Scania/260MM/250Lara • Additional comment actions. unless you plan to play more long-term and more hardcore you can get by just fine by taking advantage of daily ursus mesos, maple tour weekly mesos, daily/weekly boss crystals and any meso you earn while leveling. . Double-click the Cologne to increase your charm and obtain your own Pocket slot!. ADDITIONAL NEWS. Please refrain from using your Gachapon ticket during this time to ensure you receive items from the new rotation. Coupon is consumed upon use. Go right, then in the map with three portals, take the middle portal (on top of the hill) You'll be in a teleporting jump-quest like map. 271 - 280. CherryKakyoin Nov 21, 2020 @ 9:02am. Ursus is another good way to earn Mesos daily and is now 2x Mesos all the time instead of only 2 hours a day. STR: +20, can be used on Level 75+ weapons, expires in 1 month, untradable, gives the skill Mighty Roar. Gachapon Tickets can give you a number of items, including chairs, mounts, damage skins, and other items. Can you solo Ursus Maplestory? Yes, you just need to be a class with iframes or dark sight (like dual blades), in order to not get instagibbed by a bomb. Here, you can begin your Job Advancement. Go to Maplestory r/Maplestory. For odd numbered levels, subtract your level by 1/15 (example: level 275 would be 274 + 14/15) E Grade: 0. This boost greatly your score but if the fight doesnt last long this attack could not happen at all. New Boss. While I was doing research on google there are a few different time was…Go back to the Spirit Wilds. Ursus is a 'he', just so you know. Estimate 20m after 3 runs. Adjust Ursus' 2x mesos timing. The way you get them is by attacking the body part they come from (the head for the horns, and the shoulder for the shoulder). MDR: 10%. Rewards [] Spell Trace Fever Time Sunny Sunday; NEW UPDATES Content Changes. Damn. Please refrain from using your Gachapon ticket during this time to ensure. Ursus fight lag seems to be server side rather than client side so I don't think there's much you can do about it. When is ursus 2x meso? I just did it 2:30 - 3:00 pm pst and i had 2x but I just googled it and im getting many different times. If you have any feedback or suggestions feel free to contact me on reddit or preferably discord (StarLines#0001). . If u didn't know, ursus a huge raid boss that you can access thru the boss queue, and you can fight him either with a pre made party of up to 18 people or you can quick match with 17 other people. This is important for buff potions and greed pendant. Reboot gets 30 mil a attempt so 90 if you do 3, gonna assume your reg server so 6. I noticed that you are dumped on ch 13 after doing Ursus runs. CryptoFriendly Reminder: Daylight Savings Time is now over. thanks for the detailed explanation. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts A list of MANY stackable buffs to use when bossing : Maplestory (reddit. 3. Does anyone know the new ursus time (my time zone is pdt) Related Topics MapleStory Fantasy. Damage in Ursus is based on your total Star Force. UTC: 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM. Hey guys, go speedrun that welfare bear money! No need to wait for a group to start up (unless you like the social aspect, of course!)Double meso time is be. I'm sorry for not knowing the math conversions for other countries, but I hope this helps as a reminder that everything is an. If you have exhausted the number of Ursus challenge counts in your account, the Ursus Golden Opportunity information pop-up won't be displayed. Endless Agony. Honesty the best thing they can do (community-wise) is to merge all regular servers into 1 server (NA and EU as well) and just make it something like 30 NA channels and 30 EU channels, same with reboot. Hello, does anyone have a reference showing all the reset timers for Maplestory? The only one I know so far is daily bosses (I think 5pm PST everyday?). Additionally , using double-up scrolls. To get higher in Ursus you need to deal more damage and save people. Also solid exp. Ursus UI has been added. Ursus The Mighty. There's Ursus x2 as well 1 hour after daily reset and again, lasts 2 hours. The time frame when you can link with another skill is decreased by approximately 25%. Maple tour is a terrible way to give players a "respectable amount of mesos" After 140 Days F2p players recieve 8. There are other ways to score higher as well. " I figured that would mean she's female ¯\_ (ツ)_/¯. Business, Economics, and Finance. MapleStory - Join over 260 Million Global Players in MapleStory, one of the original MMORPGs, where epic adventure, action-packed gameplay, & good friends await you! Featuring an iconic 2D art style, MapleStory offers the thrill of explosive power, bold anime-style self-expression, and absolute control of your characters’ awesome abilities. MP: 20. I currently have listed as obtainable: MP Green/Red MVP Attack Buff Guild Buff Ursus BuffSpell Trace Fever Time; NEW UPDATES Content Changes. 2m each run adding up to 54. I feel you on how it's hard to earn mesos here in msea ;-; I recently started doing ursus daily and it fetches in at least ~18m for 3 rounds without double mesos time. ago. 5x that in the same amount of time. Maplers on NA Reboot World will be able to sign-up for your own personal Miracle Time periods for double the chance for rank up your gear's Potentials, and a chance to rank up twice with one Cube! Magical Miracle Time Registration - NA Reboot World. For people residing in Australia and in similar timezones, that's in the middle of the night / very early in the morning where people are still sleeping. Best way to get few billions are merching but then we need enough mesos to buy/star/cube the stuff ;-;MapleStory Fest 2023 is back! MapleStory's annual convention MapleStory Fest 2023 is coming back this October for fans of the MMORPG to visit. Depending on your level you earn up to 34m per run. Press J to jump to the feed. Entry Requirement: Completed 5th job advancemnt and has completed the entrance quest (or Level 100+ characters who completed the quest before the tower revamp) The Oz Tower (ToZ), or the Seed Tower, is a 50 floor challenge that mainly tests on certain aspects, such as damage, control and. Dark Follower. 104. Finally, Chase the Beast Tamer is returning; create this character job for a limited time! All this and more, in the Ursus update! V. Acquiring damage may result in the decreasing of health/hit points, while consuming any type of health-providing products may result in the increasing of health/hit points. Glowing cubes = 108m in cubes + 3. Start preparing now as the Sixth Job quests will become available at Lv. Step 2: Stop hitting, and fulfill the above 2 team conditions. Please nexon. But playing from Australia it hurts to wake up 6:30 AM in the morning just to participate in this event. Note that the scroll from this is. I've started going for the Ursus Leg Accessory like 5 days ago so I solely only attack the front legs. During special hours, Ursus gives 2x the amount of mesos, and you can average around 29,000,000 Mesos per run for a total of 87,000,000 Mesos per day. And not many online . What time is Ursus 2X? Ursus 2X Time / Golden Time The actual time that Golden Time happens for Ursus is: PST: 3AM-3PM. No matter what time it changes to. I said earlier that you lose all your potential stat bonus and w/e in ursus, but what you don't lose is base stat (the +5 you get every time you level), legion stat, title stat, and stat gained from arcane symbols. When the dust clears, your battle results will appear—grading you on survival time, total damage and more. UTC doesn't observe daylight savings so local time fluctuates by an hour depending on time of year. Runs for 2 hours on non-holiday months and runs for 4 hours on holiday months. I made a daily tracker which has a seperate countdown for ursus that counts down to the next 2x slot and when 2x is active it switches to a countdown that goes until the end of the slot so you know how much longer you have left to get your runs in. A damage increase effect that can be stacked occurs depending on the attacker. It also is bad for bossing since. 1 / 3. 2) Scoring the last hit. which is no good for anyone that has a job. Business, Economics, and Finance. Boost nodes for quad throw and assassin’s mark are maxed. 1. Double Miracle Time. However, it's more important that you can close to one shot monsters near your level in arcane river. Different players wake up at different times, and so the people entering Ursus do so in a pattern where it takes absurdly long amounts of time to find 18-man Ursus. Mu Lung Dojo • Monster Park • Party Quest • Mirror World • Maple Tour. You can only spin the Wheel of Fortune once every 30 minutes. ago. RipEngOral2020. 115K subscribers in the Maplestory community. The best way to farm mesos on the Reboot server in Maplestory is to use your high-level main character against high-level enemies in the Arcane River with as many meso-boosting traits as possible. Increased the Final Damage increase amount at master level from 5% to 10%. Premium Surprise Style Box: (Untradeable. Bug type: Raid Boss, No Rewards Given to Affect Player. 5b while P2w receives 3. You can actually get RP by spending NX + you can earn RP by playing the game (bossing, afk online, monster collection, etc. Rezerba • 7 yr. We don't add points to Shadow Strike as the teleportation can mess up your ability to combo. I made sure with every equip that went legendary, that I red cubed to at least as much stat as it had when it was unique as well as I cannot stand going backwards. See full list on digitaltq. Spell Trace Fever Time; NEW UPDATES Content Changes. Downvote for afking at Ursus. I've been doing Ursus runs for awhile now, trying to gather the accessories needed for the items in the shop. Patrick's Day Green Items SaleYou can learn more about the origin of this event change in the July 16 Double Miracle Time & More Maple Memo, or look below to see the full details about how this new event will work!. I even see people who just go to the lobby just to wait on groups. The Ursus time should be: UTC: 1:00 AM - 3:00 AM. Read More. MapleStory GMS server uses UTC timezone. The strongest boss is always found at the end of the sixth stage. St. . Start your quest with [Temple of Time] Path to the Past and end with [Pink Bean] The Goddess’ Blessing. now I dont have to. The time frame when you can link with another skill is decreased by approximately 26%. Zakum miniature in preparation! Zakum in the 2 forms. 4 unique-->leg, 2 bpots rare->unique with % stat, 2 bpots rare to epic with some %stat >and about 25%stat increase. If you have exhausted the number of Ursus challenge counts in your account, the Ursus Golden Opportunity information pop-up won't be displayed. You can use this list to keep track of your dailies/weeklies in MapleStory. When does Ursus reach a double conjunction with Mesos? There is a daily maximum of three entries per account that can be submitted to Ursus. These four jobs had different job branches you could take at the first job advancement, giving a combined total of 10 different end-game jobs (3 warriors, 3 mages, 2 thiefs and 2 bowman). Advanced Fusion. Between 8-9 PM UTC. r/Maplestory. Bow Master. Tbh, the big reason I'm back in Maplestory is because the changes to Ursus and addition of Maple Tour allowing me to slowly gain constant, comfortable progression without needing to farm all the time. Coppersan goes bossing but suddenly gets reminded it is ursus time. Any damage or drop and meso lines now will give u a lot of value over the long term with faster clear rates, better exp and meso. jazzcup 6 mo. Double-click the Cologne to increase your charm and obtain your own Pocket slot!. (ex. We apologize for the confusion. 1. Create Your Own Custom Checklist. Duration decreased from 300 sec to 180 sec. 14,023,327 mesos is the original amount on Reboot for S rank. You can also get 1.